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Hydrogen energy is an important supplement to electric energy in the future secondary energy system. The development and utilization of green hydrogen energy has become an important way to cope with climate change and a key direction of energy reform. Hydrogen storage bottle is the most critical link. The hydrogen storage bottle is made by connecting hydrogen on top, supporting hydrogen storage in the middle, and connecting hydrogen application in the bottom. As a hydrogen storage container, it is used in various scenarios where hydrogen is used. In 2021, the shipment of vehicle mounted hydrogen storage bottles in the Chinese market will be 30284, an increase of 122.43% year on year. Driven by the demand of hydrogen energy heavy trucks and other fields, China is likely to become the world's largest vehicle mounted hydrogen storage bottle market in the future. From 2021 to 2050, China's hydrogen storage bottle market is expected to reach 323.4 billion yuan.

Classification of hydrogen storage bottles

In the high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, the currently commercialized high-pressure hydrogen cylinders are divided into four types (classified according to different hydrogen storage cylinder materials), namely, pure steel metal cylinders (type I), steel fiber wound cylinders (type II), aluminum fiber wound cylinders (type III) and plastic fiber wound cylinders (type IV). Among them: 1) Type I bottle is composed of metal steel, which is the largest in weight, the lowest in cost and the simplest in process among the four types of bottles, and is suitable for fixed application scenarios with low pressure requirements; 2) Type II bottle is made of metal steel, and the outer layer is wrapped with glass fiber composite material. The material wrapping form is to wrap the bottle body with hoop. Type II bottles are wrapped with composite materials, so they can withstand higher pressure than Type I bottles, but they are also mostly used in fixed energy supply and other scenarios; 3) The inner liner of type III bottle is metal (usually aluminum alloy), but the thickness is thinner than that of type II bottle. The outer part is wrapped with full body carbon fiber composite material, and the wrapping form is bipolar or spiral. Type III bottle is light in weight, good in compression resistance, and suitable for mobile equipment such as hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. At present, the main pressure specifications are 35MPa and 70MPa. At present, 35MPa has been mass produced in China; 4) The inner liner of Type IV bottle is plastic, and the bottle body is fully wound with carbon fiber composite material. The package is a mixture of bipolar laying and spiral laying. The wall thickness of Type IV bottle is slightly thinner than that of Type III bottle, and the gas storage pressure is consistent with it, mainly including 35MPa and 70MPa. At present, it has been put into commercial use abroad. For example, Type IV bottles are used by Toyota Mirai of Japan and Nexo of Hyundai of South Korea, but domestic technology is still lacking, and mass production conditions have not been met. Type IV bottles are also mainly used in mobile scenes such as hydrogen fuel vehicles. 5) In addition, at present, V-shaped hydrogen storage cylinders are being studied abroad but have not yet been commercialized. The cylinders are still wound with carbon fiber composites, but do not use any liners. Domestic research on V-shaped cylinders is still blank.

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Source: Xianji.com

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